Baby brain growth

Age 0-6 Months
Main parts of the brain a new born baby is full form. Now, otaknya the maturation process that needs to be supported with the oxygen-vitamin that right.
The brain is an organ that functions as a central control and control over all system in the body. The brain is also the center of intellect or ability to think this was started some time after the lapse of a draft (the core of fusion cells and egg cells sperm nucleus).
In the development of the brain, there is a period known as the spur brain growth (brain growth Spurt). That is when the brain is developing very quickly. In humans, spur growth period begins when the first brain age pregnancy the mother entered the third trimester. Period spur brain growth occurs after the second ketch he was born to two years. Multiplikasi cells occur in the fetus. While the birth until the age of two years is when the neuron (nerve cells) in the form korteks brain sinaps (the relationship between nerve cells) that there are so many. So, in the formation of multiplikasi and sinaps this, the brain must get priority in terms of oxygen-vitamin as materials establishment.
Grow flowers brain
Overall, the smaller the brain at birth is divided into four main parts, namely the brain stem (brainstem), cerebellum (serebelum), cerebrum (serebrum) and diensefalon. Weight of the brain at this time the baby has reached 25% of adult brain, or about 350-400 grams. When the age of six months, the brain weight of the baby is almost 50% of the weight of the adult brain.
In the brain a new born baby is found approximately 100 billion nerve cells (neuron). Nerve cell consists of 3 main parts, namely:
- Board of nerve cells that form resembling stars. In, among others, there is a core nerve cells. Edge-edge of the body cells that stick is a part of them with the tip-end of the nerve cell bodies of the others, so that form a complex that is braided.
- Dendrit an extension from the tip of the tip of the body-cells. A nerve cell can have about 200 dendrit.
- Akson of the sweep, so that the rod-like cells from the nerve. Most akson protected by such a coating of fat, which is known as mielin. The process of the formation of protective coating on akson is referred to as mielinasi.
When the small new born to age six months to reach, sarafnya cells have not been entirely reached the level of "mature". Nerve cells can be said to reach maturity level, among others, when have akson on each body part. Each time a new form akson, then will also sinaps (ganglion, the relationship between nerve cells) that allows the occurrence of "communication" between each body part with the brain. Therefore, the small still not control the movement of skilled members of the body.
In addition to nerve cells, in the brain and central nervous system glia cells terrdapat. This duty to protect the cells, providing support and also providing food to the nerve cells. How, with the stream needs vitamin that is required. Thus, the nerve cells to grow flowers running well and can bring the message function (command).
Brain, which need blood every minute as much as 150 ml of this, reaching the stage of development of each different part. For example, part of the brain that control hearing system has started developing fetus since age 28 weeks. While the brain that regulates the new vision system developed after the baby is born.
Rapid development of the small brain is not directly shown by the growing volume of the brain. However, in general, the development of the brain associated with the intellect. And, intellect itself is often associated with brain volume. Size and shape can be considered to reflect the size of the brain that there is in it. In fact, there are many factors that determine the level of intellect involved someone, other than the volum brain.

Sphingomyelin and process Mielinasi
A number of nerve cells from akson protected by a layer of fat that is known as mielin. Sphingomyelin is the main component and other metabolit sphingolipid (such as cerebroside, sulfatide and ganglioside). Mielin that can protect a akson consists of 100 layers.
Mielin worked as a insulator for the nerve impulse. This substance also control the saltatory mode of conduction (impulse delivery of berloncat-jump) at high speed through the Nodes of Ranvier (akson that are not protected mielin). Delivery impulse of this kind is a fast process. And, bring akson bermielin impulse 50 times faster than akson not bermielin the most quickly.
Adults have learned that sphingomyelin, one of fosfolipid in the food and breastfeeding, play an important role in the process mielinasi central nervous system. Mielinasi human central nervous system begins when the age of 12-14 weeks of pregnancy on the Spinal cord, and continue until the age of 30 years in the Cerebral cortex. However, most changes occur quickly and dramatically between mid-pregnancy and the end of the second year after birth.
Unlike the other types of fosfolipid, sphingomyelin does not contain gliserol, but ceramide. Because all of sphingolipid made ceramide, and sphingomyelin can be classified as a sphingolipid (Jumpsen & Clandinin, 1995). Ceramide These will form the next cerebroside, which is a universal myelinasi Marker (mielin formation) in the brain, with the help of enzyme UDP galactosytransferase. Mielin central nervous system have a high uterus cerebroside compared with the other network.
Recent studies indicate that the enzyme activities of serine palmitoyltransferse (SPT) increased gradually from the third week before birth (list) until the third week after birth (postnatal) in the rat central nervous system. When mielinasi start progress on the period, believed that the SPT activity is increased little by little is the main factor involved in mielinasi.
Oshida et.al. Effects in the writings of dietary sphingomyelin on central nervous system myelination in developing rats. Pediatr. Res 53: 589-593 (2003) provides that the hypothetical cerebroside in mielin central nervous system of mice that are particularly likely to develop otaknya obtained from sphingomyelin in the milk, which can be converted to ceramide and cerebroside. Next, they membutktikan that cerebroside in mielin the central nervous system, mainly derived from sphingomyelin diet (Feed outside) with the experimental conditions of low SPT activity, so that sphingomyelin diet play an important role in the central nervous system mielinasi.
Thus, different from the AA and DHA play a role in the growth of nerve cell membrane and the neurotransmitter, sphingomyelin involved in the process mielinasi akson To assist the performance of nerve cells in nerve impulse transmission. According to Dr. Arthur R. Jensen, neurologist from the Medical Faculty of Education at the University of California, United States, speed of message delivery by nerve cells a person is one of the factors that indicate the level kecerdasannya.
Nutrition needs
When you see the spur brain growth, so most of the acceleration of brain growth is going after the small birth. Start at that time, vitamin fulfillment is done through the provision of a single breastfeeding (exclusive breastfeeding) since the first day until the age of six months. Please note, the composition of the vitamin in breastmilk so perfect to meet the needs according to stages of vitamin baby grow flowers, even for babies who are born very premature.
Naturally, breastmilk contains substances-vitamin that is specifically required to support the process of the brain to grow flowers. Substances-vitamin are:
- Essential fat acid
ASI is a source of essential fatty acid (fatty acid that must be met from outside the body needs), the acid linoleat and acid alpha-linolenat. The two essential fatty acid in the body of the baby changed into DHA (dokosaheksanoat acid) and AA (acid arakhidonat).
Please note, lipid (fat) in breastmilk, especially in the form of trigeliserida (98-99%). While the rest, as much as 1-2%, is fosfolipid and cholesterol. Composition and lipid contents breastfeeding varies depending phases of lactation and maternal diet Feed. Lipid in the ASI functions as a source of energy. In addition, a small lipid (lipid minor) works as a mikronutrien important for brain growth and development. Lipid mikronutrien especially as there is in the form of fosfolipid.
Fosfolipid ASI is a source not saturated fatty acid chain length (long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids, LCPUFA), particularly AA and DHA. Gynecology fosfolipid breastfeeding varied around 20-38 mg/100 ml, depending on the stages of lactation. In the ASI, fosfolipid consists of some faction, in succession from the most dominant ones are: 1) sphingomyelin, 2) fosfatidylkolin, 3) fosfatidylethanolamin, 4) fosfatidylserin, and 5) fosfatidylinositol.
According to Gopalan Essential writings in FA in Maternal and infant in Nutrition Symposium "EFA and Human Nutrition and Health International Conference in Shanghai, China (2002), the LCPUFA are essential components during the perinatal period, because the fetus and new born baby can not mensintesis a number of AA and DHA from a sufficient prekursornya. In fact, at the time of birth and the period of early life have been produced approximately 6-10 thousand sinaps relationship between nerve cells. The material basis for terbentuknya sinaps this is an essential fatty acid in the ASI. Therefore, the development of mental acumen, and depends on the adequacy of supply of essential fatty acid and LCPUFA in stages is crucial.
When the body of baby get DHA in sufficient amounts through the mother's breastmilk, the process of maturation and the formation of brain cells in the nervous otaknya akan running well. All processes that occur at the time the baby sleep soundly.
Research on this has been done at the University of Brisbane, Australia to take 21 years and involving 3880 infants. While the results of this research is published in the United States Based Journal of Pediatrics and Child Health 2001 years ago shows that the oxygen-nutrient substances in the ASI help strengthen baby's immune system, so avoid the attack of infection diseases.
Thus, the process of growing flowers can walk better. In addition, the proximity of the inner and the relationship involved between mothers and babies when breastfeeding provides the ability to stimulate cognitive development of infants. While the DHA content of breastmilk in accordance with the needs of the baby's body, allows plastisitas process (the process of forming new connections between nerve cells) running optimally. This is indicated by, among others, speak of good intellect and IQ (Intelegence Quotient) is high.
- Protein
Basic components of the protein, ie, amino acids, mainly functions as a forming structure of the brain. Some specific types of amino acids, namely taurin, triptofan, and fenilalanin is a compound that functions as a penghantar or penyampaipesan (neurotransmitter). In the ASI are about 1.2 grams of protein per 100 ml.
- Vitamin B complex
Some B vitamins needed to grow the flower is the brain, vitamin B1, vitamin B6, and folat acid (vitamin B9). If the requirement is not met, then the interference will arise against the growth and function of the brain and nervous system.
- Kholin
This compound is forming a kind of neurotransmitter called asetilkolin. Kholin also a part of lesitin, namely a fosfolipid that there are many in the brain as forming membrane (wall) nerve cells.
- Iodine, iron, zinc and oxygen
Iodine required for the formation of hormone tiroksin (a kind of hormone that is required for the formation of proteins that help the brain grow flowers). Iron required in the process of forming mielin. Iron stored in different brain network for 12 months since the first baby born. Zinc is part darai about 300 types of enzyme that helps the cell division. Lack of oxygen zinc in the brain can cause a disruption of brain function called ADHD (Attention deficit Hyperactive Disorder).
So that the ASI contains all the vitamin that the body is required for a small period of six months exclusive breastfeeding, the mother must be balanced nutritious foods every day. Mother menkonsumsi need food-rich protein food. For example, fish, meat, egg, tempe, tahu, and susu scheme. Mother also need to eat more vegetables and fruits.
If during the breastfeeding mother does not get the necessary nutrition, oxygen supply-vitamin in the body will be out to produce breastmilk. As a result, in addition to disrupted maternal health, breastfeeding is also not enough. Quality-ASI akan it is not good enough, and time period to produce a breastfeeding mother is to be relatively short.